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Y BSheets-Sheet-l.

H. & A. SULZER &. I. R.. ERNST. VALVE-GEAR FR MOTIVE POWER ENGINES.

N0 178,Z01 Patented May 30,1876.

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5.5. Viton/5.501# A N. PETERS. PHoTo-LITMOGRAFHER. WASHINGTON. 1:1 C.

`CzSheets-Sheetz. Y H. 2a A. S'ULZER.` & J. R. ERNST.

VALVE-GEAR EOE Mo'TIvE Pow-EE ENGINES. No.178,201.. Patented May30,1876.V

l' fM N.PETERS, PHOTOALITHOGRAFHER, WASHINGTQN, n. Cf

SSheets-Sheet 3. H. & A. SULZER & J. R. ERNST. VALVE-GEAR FOR MOTIVE0WER ENGINES. No. 178.201.

Patented May 30,1876.

N.PTERS. FHOTD-LITHOGHAPHER, WASHINGTON. EJv c.

UNITED AND JEAN RononPHn `nnnsrggoii*` WINTERTHUR, SWITZERLAND;

Specification formingpart of Letters Patent No. 178,20'lydatedMay 30,1876; application filed f March 21, 1876.4

l To" alli whomfzt may :concerns Beiit i knownz that wes` HENRI Simzna,AL-i BERT SULZER, and JEANfR-onoLPHnEaivsT, engineersyof` Winterthur,Switzerland, have invented certainf new@ andiuseful Improvementsfin`Motive-Power" 4Enginesyof vvhiclrt'he` fllotving-y is. vafwfull,clear;` andi exact descr-ip` tional The fundamental principles; `whichunderlies oniinventionimayvbc;statedgas: followsSupposefthehandleveriorfscrewwhich, by'lnieansf of?Linterlmedizirylpieces;l acts: uponI al mechani-y ismitotchange ort reversey;the^:movement of .a1`

motor; (butfiespeciallly al; steam-engine with;

valves of the kind hereinafterfreferred `to-,1) in that the engine:`can-1 f be operatedto. advance:

or Ito 1 back without `regardto :the cuto' mech?` anismr; 121nd,?A tocutiot," :it isa-onlynecessaryi to:V pushthe leven; beyond the positiens.`be bf to-Wardzai. i Between-'theposi-tions band lrth ere isi` nolactioni of` the` #cutroft' upoir theqdistribue tion of steam,y whilebetween-i the; .pointsf. aV bf the laction takes placewhenatlieenginesispro--` videdwith anfautomaticf regulator,- inwwh-ich case; the regulatormust lbe arranged between theirst element of connection of theilever`witlrth'e cutoff andthe: cutoff vitself.`

The'fconnectiorrof the reversing-:lever with the mechanism; whicheffects changesroff the cut-ofi' may 'be eected in` accordance withi ourin'ventionin: dilferent ways; but, according to thenecessary.displacement ofthe connect,A

of the cut-011' 4, Figs. 1 and I2, Sheet l, we may distinguishthreefdiiferent kinds ofjarrangements, which werwould indicate as fol-1ows,f-\(A B `being the l entire courseof` 4 z) 1 ;First, minimumadmissions forwardgaud back- ;ward are situatedonthe same side. (Seedia-,gram 001.),1 The cutoff can beeffected forward and` backward. iwithout: the necessity` of the1 a gsameipointson the side Acorresponding with 4lthe,sameldegrees tot? admissions The A` move a ment`of `et is; in a, direction perpendicular.` te, a the movement of the,V`lever relatively to the.Y

screw. (SeezFigsl and-2,Sheet1 lz) SBGQlld, (the minimum.admissionstlbr;thea forward :l movement `are, situated at oneextremity of A B, whileithoseoif ythe backward m06ment :are (See-` dia-l,

situated upon the otherextremity gramf. w21) T -hie cut-off 1maybeeffected both forward and backward, asin the preceding finstance, andin; thiswcasev the movement :of isdn-a.direction.-` parallel to,` the.move? mentA ofthe ,leven relativelyytoh the i screw.

And, third, the cut-off is effected in butl one direction-for instan ce,`-when going ford ward,whi1efto `back nopcut-voff is ,employed-1 (Seediag-ram ma.) In this casethemm'ement :of 4ris1in: a--directiom-obliqueto fthe movemente'oithelever relatively toithe screw. The firstmodeghereinbefore indicated-f will b eem- `ployed`mostiirequently,ifi-it be desiredto. makeA thefconnection;between Vthereversinglever.: and- 4c inthe simplest manner-that is' to: say, `byaasimple connecting-rod, 3.

Inftheftwo examples, Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 1, a corresponds to theminimumadmission,

both brtlieforward-and backward movement;

b/tothe `full admission;,andc to the stop` Connection is e'ected bymeans of a conncctf ing-rod, 3, ,for which mechanical'eeuiivalentsmaybe'substitutedsuch as-cams, eccentrics, Atappets:` withsprings,&c. a Sheet `20E the drawingsfrepresents anrillustrationlof` theapplication of this apparatus arranged witlnreference-c to` small,vertical, onecylinder engines, particularly adapted for screw-propellersan arrangement Whichfz is `convenient and sat'e whenthe engineer hasto`work two `such engines as; are generally used for-twin propellers.

The. two valves in the steamchest are operated by a singleeccentricorcrank, and the connecting-link ll is united With'the connect-` ing-rod2 by means of abolt, 10, which de-` scribes an arc of. a circle, m n,inclinedl on one side for the forward motion, and on the other side forthe backward mot-ion, according to the position of the reversinglever.

The distributing slide-valve in the steamchest receives its movementfrom the bolt or pin 9, and the cut-off valve from the bolt or pin 10 bymeans of a link, 5, and the slide 6, (which turns around the fixed point7,) and the connecting-rod 8, as shown in Fig. 2, Sheet 1.- The`elbow-lever 4 is operated kby the connectin'grod 3. It is the same withthe connecting-rod 8 in the slide just referred to, the result ofwhichis, that the course of the cut-off valve isvariable and can be reducedto zero. Thus, for either going forward or backward, ,the minimumadmission corre- "'sponds to the maximum course of the cut-off valve,and also to the extreme positions of the reversing-lever l. It isimmaterial if the position of the distributing-valve is changed a littlein moving the lever from a to b, Fig. 2, Sheet l, as generally maximumadmissions are only used in changing the action of the engine whensmaller openings are even desirable.

This simple apparatus, that can ,be applied to every kind ofdistributingvalve, oit'ers the same conveniences to the engineer,requiring no other attention than that which is necessary for anordinary change of direction with a simple slide-valve insteamboat-engines, locomotives, &c.

In regard to locomotives, we may say that by means of our mechanism anykind of special apparatus can be used for the expansion of steam. v Thecombination will always be very simple, although the form may changeaccording to the movement used to operate the cut-off.,

Movement of distribution fori engines with lifting or slide naine, withon without reversing movement-This movement of distribution is supposedto be applied only to steam-engines having lifting-valves; but it can asconveniently be applied to dat vor'round slide-valves, if the opening ofthe admission apparatus is operated by the mechanism of distribution,and is closed automatically.

To be brief we will, however, connue our explanation to lifting-valveshaving double seats.

In Fig. Y, Sheet l, A represents a slide, forming a part of a lever orrod connected directly or indirectly with the lifting-valve ofadmission, and B represents a sliding sector, which we call a carrier,the motion of which is always directed by the motion of thedistributing-valve, and the path of which is in the form of endlesscurves of different forms. The valve is opened in the direction shown inthe drawings, and it is closed automatically in the opposite directionwhen thecarrier B has left A. It has been customary for the carrier B todescribe ellipses by means of a single eccentric, the rod of which isguided in a straight line at its upper part. The regulator causes theslide A to advance more or less in rapidly.

i the direction x x1, and in this manner changes the admission.y

The principles of our new movcment,'by means of which a change ofdirection canv be produced, are as follows:

First, the path of the carrier B produces endless curves, heart-shaped,resulting'i'roin is advancing and the lever used to change the directionis' in the corresponding position, the carrier B will advance in thedirection z z. It is the same when the engine is backing and the leveris in the position back.77 But `in rgiving; the counter-pressure-that isto say, in

reversing rapidly the lever while the engine is yet progressing-themovement of the carrier is in the direction z z.

Third, in changing the cutoff, either withA or without regulator, theentire curve described by the carrier will be changed in the direction x@c1-Viz., w x1 in diminishing, and :v1 .n in auginenting the admission,while A does not move in that direction.

- Fourth, the form of the curve z z will always i be chosen so that the'velocity of B while touching A will not be too great; but from thatpoint the velocity of B must increase very Having this quality, our newdistributer can be applied at a high Velocity, and thus diminish theinevitable shocks produced by the sudden admission of steam, withoutrisking any losses of pressure.

Fifth, the part z z of the curve must always be of such length that,even for the minimum admissions, the carrier B will be in ,contact witha great portion of the surface of A, so that small variations in thedisplacement of the curve will correspond with small variations in theadmission, and this is necessary, particularly in working with feebleadmissions.

`Sixth, the carrier B touches A, not'onl-y as a cam, but the contact ofthe surfaces is always absolutely exact, so as to obviate entirely thewear of the sliding surfaces.

Seventh, when using a regulator, the resistl ance to be overcome will bereduced to the minimum. Y

Eighth, theV lifting-valves are closed by means of springs, and theshocks produced by theircoming in contact with their seats are reducedby an air-compressing piston. f

Ninth, when Aoperating on engines that are to be worked in eitherdirection, we always use'the mechanism described in the first part ofour specification.

From What-we have said above, it will be understood that no escape will.take place between the positions h b, Figs. 1 and 2Sheet 1, 4andthe engineerl-will* beffable@ to 11 start-urea` verse rapidly,increasenthelzp'ower, 815e., lwitlil` out therisk of awshoclr` ojt'`BagainstfA, even when *B is describingv4 the'curve5 z in the oppositedirection; but yet,=in:machinesfthatz are to be reversed,weapply thesafety-sprin gs c, Fig. Z, Sheet] `,`.-topresstheicarrier B againsttheextremity E of-thedrodD,andbperate upon it in the direction zum, sothatv the connection will be permanent enough to sustain-Min any casethe result of the friction of B upon A. If B should produceva?shocliragainst'A, the spring would be useful; but such a shock couldhappen only if the engineer should pass rapidly beyond the positionopposite b, Figs. 1 and 2 of Sheet 1, and loperate on the cut-off,whichwould be against all reason when asndden reversal is desired.

From the above it will be understood that our system of lever or ofscrew can be combined in all manners, so as to be applied, for example,to horizontal mining-engines with regulator and change'of movement, toma rine engines, to vertical, mining, or marine engines, to inclinedengines, to slide-valves of horizontal engines without regulator andwithout change of movement, and, moreover, with a sector to the valvesof horizontal engines with a regulator, but without change of movement.

In Sheet 3 is shown the combination of the distributing-valves ofhorizontal mining-engines with regulator andchange of movement.

Distribution with change of movement.- To operate this engine aneccentric, 12, is keyed to themain shaft, or to a shaft used speciallyfor the movement of the distributingvalves. The pin 10 on the "extensionof the eccentric (or on its rod) operates in a slide, 13, movable aroundits'axis. The arc m n is inclined to the one side to move forward,

and rto the other side to move backward,L

and when near the center of the shaft it is in position for stop.Starting from g, the rod 14 oscillates a shaft, 17, and taking advantageof the arcs described by the journals 19 (upon the levers 18) we actuponthe opening valves.

In Fig". Z', Sheet 3, iffL L indicate the direction of the rod 20 in itsmiddle position, the

extremity of 2O advances from cl to c and returns, wllile the admissionvalve remains closed-viz., during the return of the piston. The rod 20,having arrived close to d, begins to open the admission-valve. At e itpasses the dead-center, and at g the valve must be open to attain fulladmission, while the journal 19 is moving tof, and resumes its return.

When the parts are of proper relative dimensions this opening movementwill fulfill all necessary conditions. This movement can be reversed bymeans of the slide-viz., to move forward (the lever being in forwardposition) the journal 19 advances from the deadcenter e toward fandreturns, and to back (also, the lever being in the back position.) Whencounterpressure is given the journal 1 9 advances in thesam'e-Yinannerto thedead-center e in the direc- ;tioni o'f-c." Forthisreason the curve zz. will then be reversed,uaslshown innFig. Y,Sheetl; but

gwe will state here that many other systems lofreversing can be used, as`Well f as theA one wefhave describedabove.

The rod 20 is united to the lever 21, which 1 regulatesv thel openingfofthe valve, by means Qof'thefcarrierB and the lever 22;Irierdoesnotescape betweenl the positionsy b. and .bl of `the,reversing-lever, Figsl and 2, Sheet f1, theqcut-oi l will 3 operateonly 4accord- If the careV ing to `the dead-center e of the point d, andaccording to the proportions of the rod of the eccentric, audit will befound to correspond ordinarily to an admission of from seventyve toninety per cent.

The displacing movement can be taken from the eccentric 12 in adirection perpendicular to a line passing through the center of theaxle, the eccentric, and the middle ofthe slide 13. (In Plate 3 we haveemployed a separate crank for the displacing movement.) We transmit thismovement to the carrier B by means of the rod 5 and lever' 6, the latterbeing often angular. Generally the position of the lever 6 will not bestationary; but it will be regulated either `by the reversing mechanism(rod '3) or by the regulator. It is clear that this lever 6 can be intheform of Y tion on the other will regulate the opening of the valve back.1n the same manner the shaft 17 can be used to open the exhaustvalves,either directly or by means of cams.

We have only to explain that in the Sheet 3 the eccentric is replaced bya crank attached to the extremity of the shaft of distribution,

making as many revolutions as the engine.

The displacing-shaft 7 is mounted upon two levers, 49. keyed to the axle48, and it will `be raised or lowered according to the degree of theadmission. I ngthis special case that we have supposed to be a twinenginethe two axles 48 are connected by the rods-50, the levers 51, andan axle, 52. The regulator acts upon this last axle so long as theposition of the reversing-lever and the rod 3 allows it.

As the connection of 3 with 53 is not stationary, but movable, asindicated in Sheet 3,

a full admission can be given when the regulator requires it, even inthe farthest positions of the reversingxlever. If, besides this, the

reverse rapidly the direction of the motion of the engine. Thisadvantage is very important in mining-engines, thus giving them anentire security of action.

Having described our` invention, what We claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent,

ln combination with the distributing-valve and the cut-off mechanism,the hand-lever orscrew connected with the same, and arranged andoperating substantially in the manner set forth, both to start, stop, orchange the movement of the engine, and t-o regulate the cntoff,substantially as described. Y'

In testimony whereof We have signed our names tol this specificationbefore two subscribingfwitnesses.

HENRI SULZER. ALBERT SULZER. JEAN RODOLPHE ERNST.

Witnesses:

S. H. M. BYERs, FRD. G, VETTERS.

